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P-Hydroquinone, known as hydroquinone or hydroquinone in Chinese, is an important organic compound with the chemical formula C6H6O2 and a white crystalline form. This compound has a wide range of applications in the chemical industry, the pharmaceutical field, and the photographic industry. In terms of uses, P-Hydroquinone is mainly used in the production of black and white developers, anthraquinone dyes, azo dyes and so on. In the rubber industry, it is often used as an antioxidant, which helps to extend the service life of rubber products.
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( 1)Stability in chemical reactionParylene is more effective in stabilizing the reaction process, but it discolors the resin.
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T-butylhydroquinone, abbreviated as TBHQ, has a molecular formula of Cl0H1402 and a molecular weight of 166.22. [1] It is a white to light gray crystalline or crystalline powder with a very slight special odor. It is soluble in ethanol, acetic acid, ethyl ester, isopropanol, ether, and oils, and is almost insoluble in water (25 ℃,<1%; 95 ℃, 5%). TBHQ is an oil soluble antioxidant that can prevent or delay the oxidation and deterioration of fats in food.
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There are two types of antioxidants, one is chemical synthesized and the other is natural antioxidants. Chemical synthesis, such as BHT, BHQ, TBHQ, ethoxyquinoline, PE, etc., these are considered to be called chemical synthesis of antioxidants, these antioxidants have been banned in Europe, that in China and the United States, is the amount of additive per kilogram can not be greater than 0.2, these chemical synthesis of antioxidants, it is true that there is now some controversy, but the antioxidant effect is relatively good.
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More than 20 countries have approved the use of TBHQ as a food antioxidant, including China, the United States, Australia, Brazil, etc. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allows TBHQ to be used alone or in combination (with BHA or BHT) for oil or fatty foods, including volatile essential oils, with a maximum allowable dosage of 200PPM. It can also be used in non-alcoholic beverages, margarine, and mixed nuts.China allows TBHQ to be used as a food additive, with a maximum dosage of 0.2g/Kg.
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Polymerization inhibitors MTBHQ, as an efficient polymerization inhibitor, plays a crucial role in the chemical industry. It can effectively prevent or slow down the polymerization reaction, thus ensuring the quality and stability of polymer products. The mechanism of action of Polymerization Inhibitors MTBHQ lies in its ability to react with free radicals in the polymerization reaction, thereby interrupting the growth of the polymerization chain. Free radicals are key species in the polymerization reaction that initiate chain reactions leading to the growth of polymer molecular chains.
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At high temperatures, a series of complex chemical reactions such as oxidation, decomposition, polymerization, and hydrolysis are prone to occur, resulting in a rapid increase in the acid value, peroxide value, and carbon base value of roasted foods. In the later stage of storage and sales, unpleasant odors are easily produced. The use of TBHQ can effectively delay oil oxidation in pastry foods.Baked pastry foods require a higher temperature during the baking process, such as cakes and bread, which require a baking temperature of 160C~190C.
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At high temperatures, a series of complex chemical reactions such as oxidation, decomposition, polymerization, and hydrolysis are prone to occur, resulting in a rapid increase in the acid value, peroxide value, and carbon base value of roasted foods. In the later stage of storage and sales, unpleasant odors are easily produced. The use of TBHQ can effectively delay oil oxidation in pastry foods.However, the oxidation and rancidity of fats and oils, as well as the production of unpleasant flavors, are a problem that troubles many pastry food producers.
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According to the hygiene standard GB2760 (0.4007) for the use of food additives in the People's Republic of China, TBHQ can be used for edible oils, fried foods, dried fish products, biscuits, instant noodles, instant boiled rice, canned dried fruits, pickled meat products, roasted and fried nut foods (supplemented in February 2007), etc. The maximum usage is 0.2g/kg. It is generally recommended to use 0.01~0.02% of the total amount of oil.One dose is versatile and can effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria and molds.
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The main mechanism of TBHQ is to provide hydrogen to the free radicals R or RO0 in oils and fats, which can form stable dimers and become relatively stable substances.Temperature is the most important factor affecting oil oxidation, similar to general chemical reactions. As the temperature increases, the automatic oxidation rate of oil in the food increases. For every 10C increase in temperature. In addition, essential fatty acids such as linoleic acid and linolenic acid in oil are also damaged, reducing the nutritional function of the product.
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However, the active chemical properties of oils and fats are prone to deterioration due to oxidation and other factors. Oil antioxidants are a type of substance that can prevent or delay the deterioration of oils or fatty foods, extend their shelf life, and tert butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is a high-quality edible oil antioxidant.At present, the production of tert butyl hydroquinone both domestically and internationally adopts the tert butylation method of hydroquinone, as shown in Figure 2.
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Physical and chemical properties:Density: 1.328g/cm3Melting point: 172-175℃Boiling point: 286℃Flash factor: 141.6Refractive index: 1.612Vital temperature: 549.9℃Crucial stress: 7.45mpaIgnition temperature: 516℃Explosion limit (v/v): 15.3%Lower explosion restrict (v/v): 1.6 %Property: White needle crystal, discolored through light, with special odor.Solubility: Soluble in hot water, soluble in bloodless water, ethanol and ether, slightly soluble in benzene. Packaging, storage, transportation:1: 25kg (internet weight) kraft paper laminated bag, coated with double polyethylene plastic bag.2:
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Physical and chemical properties:Density: 1.328g/cm3Melting point: 172-175℃Boiling point: 286℃Flash point: 141.6Refractive index: 1.612Critical temperature: 549.9℃Critical pressure: 7.45MPaIgnition temperature: 516℃Explosion limit (V/V): 15.3%Lower explosion limit (V/V): 1.6 %Property: white needle crystal, discolored by light, with special odorSolubility: soluble in hot water, soluble in cold water, ethanol and ether, slightly soluble in benzene Packaging, storage, transportation:1: 25KG (net weight) kraft paper laminated bag, lined with double polyethylene plastic bag.2: Store in a cool
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Eastman in the United States, Camlin in India, and others. At present, the production of tert butyl hydroquinone both domestically and internationally adopts the tert butylation method of hydroquinone, as shown in Figure 2. According to different classifications of alkylation reagents, it can be divided into tert butyl method, isobutylene method, and MTBE method.
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Hydroquinone Uses:In medicine, hydroquinone is mainly used in the treatment of pigmented skin diseases, such as chloasma and freckles, etc.
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Introduction of nature:TBHQ is sort of insoluble in water (approximately five‰), soluble in ethanol, acetic acid, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ether and vegetable oil, lard, and so forth. Nearly insoluble in water (25℃, <1%). Boiling factor 295℃, melting factor 126 -128.5℃. It has the effect of stopping the failure of most fats and oils, specially vegetable oils. It does no longer trade color in touch with iron and copper, but can turn red if alkali is present.
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Introduction of nature:TBHQ is almost insoluble in water (about 5‰), soluble in ethanol, acetic acid, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ether and vegetable oil, lard, etc., almost insoluble in water (25℃, <1%). Boiling point 295℃, melting point 126 -128.5℃. It has the effect of preventing the failure of most fats and oils, especially vegetable oils. It does not change color in contact with iron and copper, but can turn pink if alkali is present.
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1.Product ParametersMolecular formula: C10H14O2Molecular weight: 166.22CAS No.: 1948-33-0Antioxidant TBHQ is a highly effective and safe food antioxidant, which has been approved for use in more than one hundred countries and regions around the world, including Europe, America, Asia, Australia, Africa, etc.
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The pumping method injects the TBHQ concentrated solution prepared by the seed method into a pipeline with a fixed flow rate and flow rate of fat or oil that needs to be stable at a specified proportion through a stainless steel quantitative pump.
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The unsaturated resin polymerization inhibitor MTBHQ (2-tert-butylhydroquinone) plays an important role in resin synthesis and other synthetic reactions. The following is a detailed analysis of its principle of action and effects:Effect Remarkable polymerization inhibition effect: MTBHQ is a kind of high efficient polymerization inhibitor for unsaturated resin. Under normal storage conditions, the general addition amount is only two ten-thousandths of the total amount of resin, and it can play a good effect of polymerization inhibition.
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The pumping method injects the TBHQ concentrated solution prepared by the seed method into a pipeline with a fixed flow rate and flow rate of fat or oil that needs to be stable at a specified proportion through a stainless steel quantitative pump.It is better to mix it with 0010.02% citric acid.This product cannot be mixed with PG (Propyl Gallate) for use.
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Possible reaction pathways of 2,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroquinone (2,5-DTBHQ).Valgimigli et al. proposed a mechanism wherein semiquinone (2) reacts with molecular oxygen to produce 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (2,5-DTBBQ) and hydroperoxyl radical (HOO∙). The semiquinone (2) terminates a second propagation chain via either hydrogen abstraction (Reaction II) or addition reaction (Reaction IV) and these reaction pathways play a very critical role in the inhibition process.
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When the oil contains a large amount of metal ions and oxygen, the addition of antioxidants can inhibit the formation of peroxides. When citric acid is combined with antioxidants, the higher the content of these impurities in the oil, the more obvious the synergistic effect. TBHQ has good oil solubility and thermal stability, and does not change in color after heating. It can be added before and after the deodorization process of oil.
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When the oil contains a large amount of metal ions and oxygen, the addition of antioxidants can inhibit the formation of peroxides. When citric acid is combined with antioxidants, the higher the content of these impurities in the oil, the more obvious the synergistic effect. TBHQ has good oil solubility and thermal stability, and does not change in color after heating.The process of adding oil is complex, and it is easy to precipitate or oxidize during placement. Therefore, they should not be used as advanced oil antioxidants.
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